{"id":2268,"date":"2014-02-20T09:22:45","date_gmt":"2014-02-20T01:22:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kuki.idv.tw\/?p=2268"},"modified":"2014-02-20T09:22:45","modified_gmt":"2014-02-20T01:22:45","slug":"linux%e4%b8%8a%e8%99%95%e7%90%86%e7%a1%ac%e7%a2%9f%e5%a3%9e%e8%bb%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kuki.idv.tw\/?p=2268","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u4e0a\u8655\u7406\u786c\u789f\u58de\u8ecc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6709<em>\u990a\u52d5\u7269\u5712<\/em>\u6216\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u96e3\u514d\u90fd\u6703\u78b0\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u786c\u789f\u6545\u969c\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7565\u70ba\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728 Linux \u4e0a\u8655\u7406\u58de\u8ecc\u786c\u9ad4\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8edf\u9ad4\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u91dd\u5c0d\u8b80\u8005\u70ba\u4e2d\u7b49\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u6587\u4e2d\u50c5\u50c5\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e0d\u8aaa\u660e\u5be6\u969b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6216\u6307\u4ee4\u660e\u7d30\uff0c\u8acb\u81ea\u884c\u53c3\u8003\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u5584\u610f\u76e1\u529b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4f46\u6587\u4e2d\u5982\u6709\u758f\u6f0f\u6216\u932f\u8aa4\u9020\u6210\u8cc7\u6599\u907a\u5931\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0d\u8ca0\u4efb\u4f55\u8cac\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u4e2d\u8aaa\u660e\u5747\u4ee5 Linux\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Extended_file_system\">Extended file system<\/a>\u00a0\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e73\u81fa\u662f\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.debian.org\/\">Debian GNU\/Linux<\/a>. \u6240\u63d0\u53ca\u5de5\u5177\u6388\u6b0a\u5747\u70ba\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_and_open_source_software\">FLOSS<\/a>\u00a0\u3002\u5047\u8a2d\u932f\u8aa4\u786c\u789f\u70ba \/dev\/sdb\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6307\u4ee4\u9700\u8981\u4ee5 root \u57f7\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ae0\u7bc0\u7d50\u69cb<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u932f\u8aa4\u985e\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u58de\u8ecc\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9810\u5148\u5075\u6e2c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5099\u4efd\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u56de\u5fa9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6392\u9664\u58de\u8ecc\u78c1\u5340\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9001\u4fee\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u6e05\u9664\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>\u932f\u8aa4\u985e\u578b<\/h1>\n<p>\u9019\u88e1\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u786c\u789f\u8cc7\u6599\u640d\u6bc0\uff0c\u4e0d\u5916\u4e4e\u7269\u7406\u6027\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u6454\u843d\u3001\u975c\u96fb\u3001\u505c\u96fb\u3001\u904e\u71b1\u3001\u539f\u4ef6\u8001\u5316\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u50b7\u5bb3\u6703\u9020\u6210\u908f\u8f2f\u6027 (logical error) \u4e0a\u6216\u7269\u7406 (physical error) \u6027\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u6027\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u786c\u789f\u96e2\u7dda\u6642\uff0c\u66ab\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u4e0d\u53ca\u5beb\u5165\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u8cc7\u6599\u932f\u8aa4\u7570\u5e38\u3002\u6240\u5e78\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u72c0\u614b (Filesystem state) \u7684\u503c\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u6700\u5f8c\u4f7f\u7528\u672a\u9806\u5229\u5b8c\u6210\u5378\u8f09 (umount)\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u639b\u8f09\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u63d0\u793a\u8981\u6c42\u4f5c\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/wiki.debian.org.hk\/w\/Configure_regular_filesystem_check#.E6.AA.94.E6.A1.88.E7.B3.BB.E7.B5.B1.E7.8B.80.E6.85.8B_.28Filesystem_state.29\">fsck \u6aa2\u67e5<\/a>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Journaling_file_system\">\u65e5\u8a8c\u5f0f\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71<\/a>\u5982\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ext3\">ext3<\/a>\/<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ext4\">ext4<\/a>\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u8a66\u8457\u56de\u5fa9\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u932f\u8aa4\u5076\u723e\u6703\u7834\u58de\u6a94\u6848\uff0cfsck\/e2fsck \u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c07\u932f\u8aa4\u6a94\u6848\u79fb\u5230 lost+found \u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u56f0\u64fe\uff0c\u4f46\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u7406\u6027\u932f\u8aa4\u6307\u7684\u662f\u786c\u9ad4\u78c1\u76e4\u53d7\u5230\u640d\u58de\uff0c\u8a72\u6bb5<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Disk_sector\">\u78c1\u5340<\/a>\u7121\u6cd5\u8b80\u53d6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bad_sector\">\u58de\u8ecc<\/a>\u3002\u80af\u5b9a\u5c0e\u81f4\u8cc7\u6599\u907a\u5931\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7d71\u5410\u51fa I\/O Error\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u8b80\u53d6\u8a72\u6a94\u6848\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u75c7\u72c0\u662f<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Access_time\">\u8b80\u53d6\u8b8a\u6162<\/a>\u3001\u807d\u5230\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spin-up\">Spin-up<\/a>\u00a0\u6642\u7684\u5361\u5361\u8072(<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Click_of_death#Hard_disk\">Clicking sound<\/a>)\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7576\u6a5f\u7b49\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u58de\u8ecc\u958b\u59cb\u7522\u751f\u6642\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee3\u8868\u786c\u789f\u58fd\u547d\u5c07\u81f3\uff0c\u5f97\u8d95\u5feb\u958b\u59cb\u66f4\u63db\u5065\u5eb7\u65b0\u786c\u789f\u3002\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u662f\u58de\u8ecc\u9019\u7a2e\u7269\u7406\u6027\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u8655\u7406\u8fa6\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u58de\u8ecc\u6e2c\u8a66<\/h1>\n<p>\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5229\u7528\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Badblocks\">badblocks (8)<\/a>\u00a0\u4f86\u6aa2\u6e2c\u786c\u789f\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u58de\u8ecc\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5206\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u542b\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u786c\u789f\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5148\u4f5c\u9810\u8a2d\u7684\u975e\u7834\u58de\u6027\u552f\u8b80\u6e2c\u8a66 (non-destructive read-only test)\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5beb\u5165\u6e2c\u8a66\u6642\u7570\u5e38\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u78c1\u789f\u91cd\u7f6e\u96e2\u7dda\u3002<\/p>\n<pre>badblocks -vs \/dev\/sdb<\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u767c\u73fe\u58de\u8ecc\uff0c\u8acb\u7b2c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u62d4\u4e0b\u5099\u4efd\u5427\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u53ef\u627f\u53d7\u8cc7\u6599\u640d\u5931\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \u201c-n\u201d \u7684\u975e\u7834\u58de\u6027\u5beb\u5165\u5f0f\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002\u9019\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6703\u5617\u8a66\u5beb\u5165\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u518d\u4e09\u78ba\u8a8d\u786c\u789f\u904b\u4f5c\u6b63\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<pre>badblocks -nvs \/dev\/sdb<\/pre>\n<h1>\u9810\u5148\u5075\u6e2c<\/h1>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e badblocks \u9700\u8981\u5728\u96e2\u7dda\u6642\u624d\u80fd\u57f7\u884c\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u5fcd\u53d7\u9577\u6642\u9593\u7684\u96e2\u7dda\u6aa2\u67e5\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u80fd\u5920\u7dda\u4e0a\u6aa2\u6e2c\u786c\u789f\u5065\u5eb7\u72c0\u6cc1\u624d\u884c\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5e02\u9762\u6240\u6709\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Advanced_Technology_Attachment\">ATA<\/a>\u00a0\u786c\u789f\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u652f\u63f4<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Self-Monitoring,_Analysis,_and_Reporting_Technology\">S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology)<\/a>\uff0cS.M.A.R.T.\u00a0 \u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u754c\u9762\u8b93\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u8a62\u5e7e\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Self-Monitoring,_Analysis,_and_Reporting_Technology#Known_ATA_S.M.A.R.T._attributes\">\u53c3\u6578<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u900f\u904e\u8b80\u53d6\u9019\u4e9b\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u80fd\u5920\u9810\u5148\u8b66\u89ba<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hard_disk_failure\">\u786c\u789f\u932f\u8aa4<\/a>\u3002\u6839\u64da Google \u7684\u8abf\u67e5\u5341\u842c\u9846\u786c\u789f\u5f8c\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/antbsd.twbbs.org\/~ant\/wordpress\/?p=592\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a<\/a>\u00a0(<a href=\"http:\/\/research.google.com\/pubs\/pub32774.html\">Failure Trends in a Large Disk Drive Population<\/a>)\uff0cS.M.A.R.T. \u7684\u6578\u503c\u7684\u78ba\u53cd\u61c9\u786c\u789f\u932f\u8aa4\u7387 \u2013 \u516d\u5341\u5929\u5167\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe S.M.A.R.T. \u6383\u63cf\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u786c\u789f\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u786c\u789f\u7684 39 \u500d\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/sourceforge.net\/apps\/trac\/smartmontools\/wiki\">smartmontools<\/a>\u00a0\u4e2d\u7684 smartctl (8) \u4f86\u67e5\u8a62\u786c\u789f\u7684 S.M.A.R.T. \u72c0\u614b\u3002\u6307\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n<pre>smartctl --attributes \/dev\/sdb<\/pre>\n<p>\u6839\u64da Google \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u53ca\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/smartmontools.sourceforge.net\/badblockhowto.html\">Bad block HOWTO for smartmontools<\/a>\u00a0\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8207\u786c\u789f\u5931\u6548\u95dc\u4fc2\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6578\u503c\u662f Reallocated Sectors Count\/Reallocations event count, Current Pending Sector Count, Uncorrectable Sector Count\u3002\u9019\u5e7e\u7d44\u6578\u64da\u4ee3\u8868\u786c\u789f\u767c\u73fe\u8a72\u78c1\u5340\u5df2\u7d93\u640d\u6bc0\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u91cd\u65b0\u5f9e\u5099\u7528\u78c1\u5340\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d6\u4ee3\u8a72\u640d\u58de\u78c1\u5340\uff0c\u6216\u78c1\u5340\u5df2\u767c\u73fe\u554f\u984c\u5c1a\u672a\u66ff\u63db\u6216\u7121\u6cd5\u66ff\u63db\u3002\u9019\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u8996\u70ba\u78c1\u5340\u640d\u8017 (surface wear) \u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u4e9b\u503c\u4e0d\u70ba 0 \u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u8a72\u958b\u59cb\u6e96\u5099\u5099\u4efd\u8cc7\u6599\u4e26\u4f5c\u58de\u8ecc\u6aa2\u67e5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528 smartctl \u624b\u52d5\u6aa2\u6e2c\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2d\u5b9a smarted\uff0c\u8b93\u7cfb\u7d71\u81ea\u52d5\u89c0\u6e2c S.M.A.R.T. \u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\u6703\u986f\u793a\u65bc\u684c\u9762\u8a0a\u606f\u6216\u767c\u9001\u90f5\u4ef6\u3002smartd \u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003\u00a0<a title=\"Permanent Link to \u6aa2\u6e2c\u786c\u789f\u72c0\u614b \u2013 smartmontools\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.ssh.tw\/?p=778\" rel=\"bookmark nofollow\">\u6aa2\u6e2c\u786c\u789f\u72c0\u614b \u2013 smartmontools<\/a>\u00a0\u4e00\u6587\u3002S.M.A.R.T. \u4e5f\u652f\u63f4 Self-Test\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u786c\u789f\u4f5c\u6548\u80fd\u8207\u529f\u80fd\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u8a73\u60c5\u8acb\u898b smartctl (8).<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<h1>\u5099\u4efd\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u56de\u5fa9<\/h1>\n<p>\u5728\u767c\u73fe\u58de\u8ecc\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u7b2c\u4e00\u512a\u5148\u5099\u4efd\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9084\u80fd\u5920\u639b\u8d77\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5247\u8d95\u7dca\u5229\u7528<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rsync\">rsync<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/tar\/\">tar<\/a>\u00a0\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u5099\u4efd\u6a94\u6848\u3002\u6216\u8005\u5229\u7528\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dd_%28Unix%29\">dd<\/a>\u00a0\u5c07\u6574\u9846\u786c\u789f\u8cc7\u6599\u6216\u5206\u5272\u5340\u5b58\u6a94\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u7f6e\u63db\u5230\u65b0\u786c\u789f\u4e0a<\/p>\n<pre>dd if=\/dev\/sdb of=sdb.img<\/pre>\n<p>\u82e5\u8981\u78ba\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u6b63\u78ba\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/dcfldd.sourceforge.net\/\">dcfldd<\/a>\u00a0\u4f86\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u908a\u8907\u88fd\u908a\u4f5c\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hash_function\">hash<\/a>\u00a0\u78ba\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u8907\u88fd\u6b63\u78ba\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u7531\u65bc\u58de\u8ecc\u8655\u5e38\u5e38\u7121\u6cd5\u8b80\u53d6\uff0c\u9019\u6703\u9020\u6210 dd \u57f7\u884c\u5931\u6557\u3002\u6b64\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u7528<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/ddrescue\/ddrescue.html\">dd_rescue<\/a>, \u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7565\u904e\u7121\u6cd5\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5118\u53ef\u80fd\u8907\u88fd\u5176\u4ed6\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\u5929\u6709\u4e0d\u6e2c\u98a8\u96f2\uff0c\u4eba\u6709\u65e6\u5915\u798d\u798f\u3002\u842c\u4e00\u8cc7\u6599\u640d\u58de\u7684\u5340\u57df\u4e0d\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b58\u653e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u984d\u5916\u7684\u8655\u7f6e\u3002\u5efa\u8b70\u7121\u8ad6\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u58de\u786c\u789f\u4e0a\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6c38\u9060\u5148\u5099\u4efd\uff0c\u518d\u65bc\u5099\u4efd\u789f\u4e0a\u9032\u884c\u8655\u7406\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7565\u8ac7\u4e09\u7a2e\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u82e5\u4e0d\u5e78\u4f60\u7684\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Partition_table_%28master_boot_record%29\">MBR<\/a>\u00a0\u721b\u6389\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc partition table \u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5617\u8a66\u4f7f\u7528<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Partition_table_%28master_boot_record%29\">\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cgsecurity.org\/wiki\/TestDisk\">testdisk<\/a>\u00a0\u4f86\u731c\u6e2c\u5404 partition table \u7684\u4f4d\u5740\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6551\u56de partition table \u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u82e5\u662f\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684 superblock \u640d\u58de\uff0c\u6703\u770b\u5230 \u201ccan\u2019t read superblock\u201d \u8a0a\u606f\uff0cext? \u7cfb\u5217\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u591a\u500b superblock \u5099\u4efd\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u5099\u4efd\u7684 superblock \u9032\u884c\u5fa9\u539f\u5de5\u4f5c (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cyberciti.biz\/faq\/recover-bad-superblock-from-corrupted-partition\/\">Recover Corrupted Partition From A Bad Superblock<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/blogold.chinaunix.net\/u1\/48373\/showart_1331657.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u786c\u76d8<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/blogold.chinaunix.net\/u1\/48373\/showart_1331657.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">ext2\/3\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edfsuperblock\u635f\u574f\u4fee\u590d\u8bd5\u9a8c<\/a>)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u82e5\u4f60\u624b\u5fd9\u8173\u4e82\u5df2\u7d93\u628a\u786c\u789f\u91cd\u65b0\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u53ea\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/foremost.sourceforge.net\/\">foremost<\/a>\u00a0\u6216\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sleuthkit.org\/sleuthkit\/\">Sleuth Kit<\/a>\u00a0\u6162\u6162\u7684\u63c0\u51fa\u786c\u789f\u4e2d\u4ecd\u53ef\u8fa8\u8b58\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u3002\u795d\u4f60\u5e78\u904b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>\u6392\u9664\u58de\u8ecc\u5340\u57df<\/h1>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u786c\u789f\u9084\u5728\u4fdd\u56fa\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u5ee0\u5747\u6703\u66f4\u63db\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u786c\u789f\u7d66\u4f60\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u786c\u789f\u5df2\u7d93\u8d85\u904e\u4fdd\u56fa\uff0c\u58de\u8ecc\u786c\u789f\u4ecd\u582a\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u5b58\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f4e\u5ea6\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u58de\u8ecc\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sector_slipping\">sector slipping<\/a>\u00a0\u6216\u53eb\u505a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pcguide.com\/ref\/hdd\/geom\/errorMapping-c.html\">defect mapping<\/a>\u00a0\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u4f86\u8df3\u904e\u4e0d\u7528\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5206\u6210\u5169\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u900f\u904e<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Disk_controller\">\u786c\u789f\u63a7\u5236\u5668<\/a>\u6216\u662f\u900f\u904e\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684 bad block table \u4f86\u8a18\u9304\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u50b3\u7d71\u7684 (1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u786c\u789f)\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u884c<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Disk_formatting#Low-level_formatting_.28LLF.29_of_hard_disks\">\u4f4e\u968e\u683c\u5f0f\u5316<\/a>\u00a0(<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pcguide.com\/ref\/hdd\/geom\/formatLow-c.html\">Low-Level Formatting<\/a>) \u7684\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u539f\u5ee0\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4f86\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7269\u7406\u5132\u5b58\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cylinder-head-sector\">CHS<\/a>\u3001\u82e5\u662f\u786c\u789f\u4e2d\u6709\u58de\u8ecc\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4f4e\u968e\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u6642\u907f\u958b\u4e0d\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u4f4e\u968e\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5e38\u56e0\u70ba\u64cd\u4f5c\u932f\u8aa4\u800c<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brick_%28electronics%29\">\u640d\u58de (bricked)<\/a>\u00a0\u786c\u789f\uff0c\u65b0\u6b3e\u786c\u789f\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u900f\u904e<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SCSI_Format_Unit_Command\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u6307\u4ee4<\/a>\u4f5c\u4f4e\u968e\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u900f\u904e\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dataclinic.co.uk\/hard-drive-defects-table.htm\">hard-drive defect management<\/a>\u00a0\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dataclinic.co.uk\/hard-drive-defects-table.htm\">Hard drive defects table \u2013 P &amp; G Lists<\/a>\u00a0\u4f86\u8a18\u9304\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mjm.co.uk\/sectorremapping.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">Bad Sector Mapping<\/a>\u3002\u6240\u8b02 Primary defect list \u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u51fa\u5ee0\u6642\u5df2\u7d93\u7522\u751f\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u78c1\u5340\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u800c Grown defect list \u5247\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u78c1\u5340\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u786c\u789f\u767c\u73fe\u58de\u8ecc\u6642\uff0c\u4fbf\u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u5c07\u8a72\u78c1\u5340\u5217\u5165 G-List \u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u5f9e\u5099\u7528\u7684\u78c1\u5340\u4e2d\u66ff\u63db\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u6c92\u6709\u6240\u8b02\u4f4e\u968e\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u8b02\u4f4e\u968e\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5927\u591a\u6307\u7684\u662f Zero-filled\uff0c\u5c0d\u78c1\u5340\u586b\u5165\u7a7a\u503c\uff0c\u5f37\u8feb\u786c\u789f\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u640d\u58de\u78c1\u5340\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u524d\u8ff0 S.M.A.R.T. \u6240\u8b02 Reallocated Sectors\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u5c0d\u58de\u8ecc\u5340\u57df\u5beb\u5165\u7a7a\u503c\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5b83\u91cd\u7f6e\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u7684 badblocks \u6240\u7522\u751f\u4e4b\u6578\u503c\u76f4\u63a5\u8986\u5beb\u932f\u8aa4\u5340\u584a\uff0c\u7bc4\u4f8b\u8acb\u898b\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/smartmontools.sourceforge.net\/badblockhowto.html\">Bad block HOWTO for smartmontools<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0 HOWTO \u4e2d\u8a73\u8ff0\u4e86\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u8a08\u7b97 e2fsck \u5410\u51fa\u4f86\u6578\u503c\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u8a08\u7b97\u6709\u9ede\u9ebb\u7169\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ecb\u7d39\u5982\u4f55\u8655\u7406\u5229\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u81ea\u52d5\u8655\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e0d\u4fdd\u7559\u8cc7\u6599<\/h2>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u78ba\u8a8d\u6574\u9846\u786c\u789f\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0b\u9054\u4e00\u4e0b dd \u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u91cd\u5beb\u6574\u9846\u786c\u789f\u3002<\/p>\n<pre>dd if=\/dev\/zero of=\/dev\/sdb<\/pre>\n<p>\u6216\u8005\u5728\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u6642\u4e0b\u9054 -c -c \u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u8b93 mkfs.ext3 \u9806\u4fbf\u6aa2\u67e5\u58de\u8ecc\u3002<\/p>\n<pre>mkfs.ext3 -c -c \/dev\/sdb1<\/pre>\n<h2>\u4fdd\u7559\u8cc7\u6599<\/h2>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u786c\u789f\u5df2\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e26\u60f3\u4fdd\u7559\u6b64\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 badblocks \u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u4e26\u751f\u6210 badblocks list\uff0c\u518d\u5c07 badblocks \u5410\u51fa\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u9935\u7d66 e2fsck -l.\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u78ba\u8a8d\u57f7\u884c badblocks \u6642\uff0c\u6307\u6d3e\u4e86\u6b63\u78ba\u7684 block size\uff0c\u53ef\u7528 dumpe2fs -h \u78ba\u8a8d block size.\u7136\u5f8c\u6307\u793a\u7d66 badblocks\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u64cd\u4f5c\u6709\u9ede\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u4fdd\u96aa\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u8b93 e2fsck \u7528 badblocks \u53bb\u4f5c\u58de\u8ecc\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u6307\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n<pre>e2fsck -k -c\u00a0 -c \/dev\/sdb1<\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u6b64 e2fsck \u6703\u5c07\u58de\u8ecc\u5beb\u5165\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0b\u8ff0\u6307\u4ee4\u67e5\u8a62\u76ee\u524d\u58de\u8ecc\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n<pre>dumpe2fs -b \/dev\/sdb1<\/pre>\n<h2>\u5176\u4ed6\u505a\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<p>\u672c\u7bc0\u524d\u8ff0\u53ef\u7528\u4f4e\u968e\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u91cd\u7f6e\u786c\u789f\u78c1\u5340\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65b0\u6b3e\u786c\u789f\u5df2\u5c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u5de5\u5177\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7d66\u7d42\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u900f\u904e\u53cd\u7d44\u8b6f\u786c\u789f\u97cc\u9ad4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u5f97 vendor specific ATA commands\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u50cf\u662f Seagate \u7b49\u54c1\u724c\uff0c\u5247\u5728\u786c\u789f\u4e0a\u7559\u6709\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Differential_TTL\">TTL<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serial_communication\">serial communication<\/a>\u00a0\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/seagatefix\/\">\u754c\u9762<\/a>\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u7d42\u7aef\u6a5f\u9023\u4e0a\u786c\u789f\u97cc\u9ad4\uff0c\u4ee5\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.scribd.com\/doc\/39042992\/Seagate-Diagnostic-Command\">Diagnostic Commands<\/a>\u00a0\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5075\u932f\u4ee5\u53ca\u91cd\u65b0\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u9001\u4fee\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u6e05\u9664<\/h1>\n<p>\u7232\u4e86\u907f\u514d<a href=\"http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%99%B3%E5%86%A0%E5%B8%8C%E8%A3%B8%E7%85%A7%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6\">\u9673\u51a0\u5e0c\u88f8\u7167\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/a>\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u9001\u4fee\u524d\u6700\u597d\u78ba\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u5df2\u7d93\u5b8c\u5168\u522a\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u5982\u524d\u8ff0\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u82e5\u53ea\u662f\u9032\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u786c\u789f\u8cc7\u6599\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_remanence\">\u56de\u5fa9<\/a>\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6839\u64da<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter_Gutmann_%28computer_scientist%29\">Peter Gutmann<\/a>\u00a0\u7684\u5728 90 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_remanence#Feasibility_of_recovering_overwritten_data\">\u7814\u7a76<\/a>\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magnetic_force_microscopy\">\u78c1\u529b\u986f\u5fae\u93e1<\/a>\u53d6\u5f97\u8907\u5beb\u904e\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u6b21\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u78c1\u5340\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u800c\u7f8e\u570b\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology\">National Institute of Standards and Technology<\/a>\u00a0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/csrc.nist.gov\/publications\/nistpubs\/800-88\/NISTSP800-88_rev1.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u201cGuidelines for Media Sanitization\u201d<\/a>\u00a0\u6216<a title=\"View content where Author is Craig Wright\" href=\"http:\/\/www.springerlink.com\/content\/?Author=Craig+Wright\">\u00a0<\/a>Craig Wright, Dave Kleiman, Shyaam Sundhar R.S. \u7684\u8ad6\u6587<a href=\"http:\/\/www.springerlink.com\/content\/408263ql11460147\/\">Overwriting Hard Drive Data: The Great Wiping Controversy<\/a>\u00a0\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u786c\u789f\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8907\u5beb\u4e00\u6b21\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7232\u4e86\u9054\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u4fdd\u5bc6\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5404\u570b\u8ecd\u65b9\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6e05\u9664<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_remanence#Standards\">\u6a19<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_erasure#Standards\">\u6e96<\/a>\u3002\u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u4f60\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u5426\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5728 Linux \u4e0a\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/lambda-diode.com\/software\/wipe\/\">wipe<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/p\/diskscrub\/\">scrub<\/a>\u00a0\u6307\u4ee4\u4e4b\u4e00\u4f86\u62b9\u9664\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u5de5\u5177\u652f\u63f4\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u5404\u570b\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4e0b\u8f09\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Darik%27s_Boot_and_Nuke\">DBAN<\/a>\u00a0\u88fd\u4f5c\u958b\u6a5f\u7247\u4f86\u6e05\u9664\u786c\u789f\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>References<\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/smartmontools.sourceforge.net\/badblockhowto.html\">Bad block HOWTO for smartmontools<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pcguide.com\/ref\/hdd\/geom\/format.htm\">The PC Guide: Hard Disk Formatting and Capacity<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6709\u990a\u52d5\u7269\u5712\u6216\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u96e3\u514d\u90fd\u6703\u78b0\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u786c\u789f\u6545\u969c\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7565\u70ba\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728 Linux \u4e0a\u8655\u7406\u58de\u8ecc\u786c &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kuki.idv.tw\/?p=2268\" class=\"more-link\">\u95b1\u8b80\u5168\u6587<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u3008Linux\u4e0a\u8655\u7406\u786c\u789f\u58de\u8ecc\u3009<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuki.idv.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2268"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuki.idv.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuki.idv.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuki.idv.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuki.idv.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2268"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuki.idv.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2269,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuki.idv.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2268\/revisions\/2269"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuki.idv.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuki.idv.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuki.idv.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}